Endocrine Abstracts

Background: The differential diagnosis between central diabetes insipidus and primary polydipsia is challenging. To date, the most reliable approaches are copeptin measurement after hypertonic saline infusion or arginine, which is a known growth hormone secretagogue but has recently been shown also to stimulate the neurohypophysis. Similar to arginine, glucagon is also known to stimulate growth hormone release, but its effect on the neurohypophysis and in the differential diag...

Introduction: The Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIADH) is the predominant cause of hyponatremia and its therapy options are unsatisfying. SGLT2-inhibitors have become a valuable treatment option for type 2 diabetes by increasing glucose excretion in the urine with concomitant osmotic diuresis. We therefore hypothesized that SGLT2-inhibitors could be a novel treatment option for SIADH.Material and methods: We included 14 healthy volunteers in th...

BackgroundPrimary polydipsia, characterized by excessive fluid intake, carries the risk of water intoxication and hyponatremia, but treatment options are scarce. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) reduces appetite and food intake. In experimental models, they also play a role in thirst and drinking behavior. The aim of this trial was to investigate whether GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce fluid intake in patients with primary polydipsia.<p class="abstext"...

Introduction: Distinguishing arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D, central diabetes insipidus) from primary polydipsia (PP) is challenging. The method with the highest diagnostic accuracy, hypertonic saline-stimulated copeptin, is often limited to experienced hospitals, requires close monitoring, and may be cumbersome for patients. A standardised, validated stepwise assessment and probability score to rule out AVP-D in the initial baseline evaluation is currently lacking.</p...

Background: Research indicates that prolactin, a hormone linked to lactation, may influence the brain’s reward system by interacting with dopamine. GLP-1 analogues, prescribed for diabetes and obesity, are known for their appetite-suppressant effects. With GLP-1 receptors found in mood and reward-related brain regions, a potential role of GLP-1 in reward regulation is suggested. A knowledge gap exists regarding the interaction between GLP-1 and prolactin in the context of...

Introduction: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) is one of its main causes. However, treatment options for chronic SIAD-induced hyponatremia are inadequate. This is problematic because hyponatremia has been associated with neurocognitive deficits, although there is little data on its reversibility. We previously showed that the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin is a promising s...

Background: GLP-1 analogs are prescribed for diabetes and obesity due to their well-known insulinotropic, satiation-promoting and appetite-suppressant effects. Several studies also investigated the effects of GLP-1 analogs on reward to addictive drugs such as alcohol, nicotine and cocaine. Pre-clinical studies suggest that sexual desire, as another type of natural reward, could also be affected by GLP-1 analogs. Since sexuality is a very important aspect of human wellbeing and...

Introduction: The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is the predominant cause of hyponatremia but the available treatment options are unsatisfying and often of little efficiency. The selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin promotes osmotic diuresis due to glucosuria and might be a novel treatment option for SIADH.Material and methods: From September 2016 through December 2018 we randomly assigned 88...

Context: Surgical intervention is advised in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type-1 (MEN-1) with non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNET) and a size ≥20 mm. However, functioning PanNET such as patients with endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (EHH) due to (one or multiple) insulinomas should be treated surgically independent of size. Reliable preoperative localization of insulinomas is critical for surgical strategy.<p class="abstext"...

BackgroundPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. The main components are hyperandrogenemia and oligo-/amenorrhea. The pathophysiology of PCOS is not fully understood which is why no causal treatment options are available. A multitude of observational studies demonstrated elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with PCOS compared with weight-matched controls. CRP is a sensitive ...